Giant cutaneous cyst in a dog infected by Cercopithifilaria bainae.

Cercopithifilaria bainae is the most prevalent species of filarioids within the genus. This parasite localizes in the skin, sometimes causing erythematous dermatitis. Herein, the authors describe a case of giant cutaneous cyst in a dog infected by Cercopithifilaria bainae. A 9-year-old male mixed-breed dog presented to a veterinary facility in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul (Midwest Brazil) with a mass in the lumbosacral region. On clinical examination, the mass was observed to be approximately 15 cm in diameter with a floating consistency and conspicuous presence of viscous fluid; the lesion, however, was non-ulcerated and non-adherent. Cytological examination revealed the presence of moderate lymphocyte cellularity and foamy macrophages, erythrophagocytosis and the presence of numerous microfilariae. After morphological and molecular analysis of the 12S ribosomal RNA gene, the microfilariae were identified as C. bainae, exhibiting 99-100% identity with DNA sequences available from Genbank. Surgery was recommended and after resection of the giant cyst, the dog was treated with ivermectin for two weeks and the clinical condition was completely resolved. Based on the presence of microfilariae in the cyst fluid the role of this filarioid in the determinism of the lesion has been discussed.

Molecular detection of Cercopithifilaria bainae and other tick-borne pathogens in Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. isolated from dogs in Midwest Brazil.

The aim of the present study was to detect Cercopithifilaria bainae and other tick-borne pathogens and to perform molecular characterization of the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. collected from dogs. Ticks (n = 432, including 8 larvae, 59 nymphs, and 365 adults) were sampled from domiciled dogs (n = 73) living in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul (Midwest Brazil). All ticks were morphologically identified as R. sanguineus. Genomic DNA was extracted in pools (three to five ticks per animal) and was used for definition of R. sanguineus haplotypes (based on 16S rRNA analysis) and pathogen identification (Cercopithifilaria sp., Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, Hepatozoon canis, Babesia vogeli and Rickettsia spp.). Rhipicephal us sanguineus specimens were identified as haplotypes A and B. DNA of Cercopithifilaria bainae (43.83%; 32/73), Ehrlichia canis (24.65%; 18/73), Anaplasma platys (19.17%; 14/73), and Hepatozoon canis (5.47%; 4/73) was detected. The identity of pathogens was confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. The present study confirms the presence of haplotypes A and B of R. sanguineus in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and its importance as a vector of several pathogens of veterinary concern. Finally, this is the first report to identify C. bainae in ticks in the Midwestern region of Brazil.

Molecular detection of Cercopithifilaria bainae and other tick-borne pathogens in Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. isolated from dogs in Midwest Brazil / Detecção molecular de Cercopithifilaria bainae e outros patógenos transmitidos por carrapatos em Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. isolados de cães no Centro-Oeste do Brasil

Abstract The aim of the present study was to detect Cercopithifilaria bainae and other tick-borne pathogens and to perform molecular characterization of the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. collected from dogs. Ticks (n = 432, including 8 larvae, 59 nymphs, and 365 adults) were sampled from domiciled dogs (n = 73) living in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul (Midwest Brazil). All ticks were morphologically identified as R. sanguineus. Genomic DNA was extracted in pools (three to five ticks per animal) and was used for definition of R. sanguineus haplotypes (based on 16S rRNA analysis) and pathogen identification (Cercopithifilaria sp., Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, Hepatozoon canis, Babesia vogeli and Rickettsia spp.). Rhipicephal us sanguineus specimens were identified as haplotypes A and B. DNA of Cercopithifilaria bainae (43.83%; 32/73), Ehrlichia canis (24.65%; 18/73), Anaplasma platys (19.17%; 14/73), and Hepatozoon canis (5.47%; 4/73) was detected. The identity of pathogens was confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. The present study confirms the presence of haplotypes A and B of R. sanguineus in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul and its importance as a vector of several pathogens of veterinary concern. Finally, this is the first report to identify C. bainae in ticks in the Midwestern region of Brazil.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi detectar Cercopithifilaria bainae e outros patógenos transmitidos por carrapatos e realizar a caracterização molecular do carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. coletado em cães. Carrapatos (n = 432, incluindo 8 larvas, 59 ninfas e 365 adultos) foram amostrados de cães domiciliados (n = 73) residentes no município de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul (centro-oeste do Brasil). Todos os carrapatos foram identificados morfologicamente como R. sanguineus. O DNA genômico foi extraído em pools (três a cinco carrapatos por animal), seguido pela definição de haplótipos (com base no gene 16S rRNA) e pela investigação de patógenos (Cercopithifilaria sp., Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, Hepatozoon canis, Babesia vogeli e Rickettsia spp.). Os espécimes coletados foram identificados como haplótipos A e B de R. sanguineus. Foram detectados DNA de Cercopithifilaria bainae (43,83%; 32/73), Ehrlichia canis (24,65%; 18/73), Anaplasma platys (19,17%; 14/73) e Hepatozoon canis (5,47%; 4/73). A identidade dos patógenos foi confirmada por análise de sequência de DNA. O presente estudo confirma a circulação dos haplótipos A e B de R. sanguineus no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul e sua importância como vetor de vários patógenos de interesse veterinário. Finalmente, este é o primeiro relato de C. bainae em carrapatos na região centro-oeste do Brasil.

Clinical and therapeutic aspects of an outbreak of canine trypanosomiasis.

Trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma evansi can seriously affect both domestic and wild animals. This article reports on an outbreak of canine trypanosomiasis on a farm in the Pantanal region of Brazil. The farm had 38 dogs, 20 of which died before receiving veterinary care. The remaining 18 dogs were underwent anamnesisn, clinical examination, hematological and biochemical evaluations. Blood smears and PCR analysis were performed for the diagnosis. The treatment protocols used according to the clinical recovery or parasitological cure of the dogs, using diminazene diaceturate, isometamidium chloride or quinapyramine sulfate. Post-treatment parasitological evaluation was performed by the microhematocrit technique. 7/18 dogs were PCR positive for T. evansi (confirmed by sequencing). There was clinical findings, which were consistent with both the acute and chronic stages of the disease in dogs. The infected dogs all exhibited at least one clinical sign of the disease. The hematological findings were compatible with trypanosomiasis, highlighting the hypochromic microcytic anemia as the main outcome. No treatment protocol was fully effective and the prolonged use of diminazene diaceturate caused the death of an animal. The trypanosomiasis can cause high rates of morbidity and mortality in dogs and difficulty in establishment an effective and safe therapeutic protocol.

Clinical and therapeutic aspects of an outbreak of canine trypanosomiasis / Aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos de um surto de tripanossomíase canina

Abstract Trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma evansi can seriously affect both domestic and wild animals. This article reports on an outbreak of canine trypanosomiasis on a farm in the Pantanal region of Brazil. The farm had 38 dogs, 20 of which died before receiving veterinary care. The remaining 18 dogs were underwent anamnesisn, clinical examination, hematological and biochemical evaluations. Blood smears and PCR analysis were performed for the diagnosis. The treatment protocols used according to the clinical recovery or parasitological cure of the dogs, using diminazene diaceturate, isometamidium chloride or quinapyramine sulfate. Post-treatment parasitological evaluation was performed by the microhematocrit technique. 7/18 dogs were PCR positive for T. evansi (confirmed by sequencing). There was clinical findings, which were consistent with both the acute and chronic stages of the disease in dogs. The infected dogs all exhibited at least one clinical sign of the disease. The hematological findings were compatible with trypanosomiasis, highlighting the hypochromic microcytic anemia as the main outcome. No treatment protocol was fully effective and the prolonged use of diminazene diaceturate caused the death of an animal. The trypanosomiasis can cause high rates of morbidity and mortality in dogs and difficulty in establishment an effective and safe therapeutic protocol.

Resumo A tripanossomíase causada por Trypanosoma evansi pode acometer gravemente os animais domésticos e selvagens. Este artigo relata um surto de tripanossomíase canina em uma fazenda na região do Pantanal, Brasil. Na fazenda havia 38 cães, 20 dos quais morreram antes de receber cuidados veterinários. Os 18 cães restantes foram submetidos a anamnese, exame clínico, avaliação hematológica e bioquímica. Esfregaços de sangue e análise da PCR foram realizados para o diagnóstico. Os protocolos de tratamento foram utilizados de acordo com a recuperação clínica ou cura parasitológica dos cães, utilizando diaceturato de diminazeno, cloreto de isometamídio ou sulfato de quinapiramina. A avaliação parasitológica pós-tratamento foi realizada pela técnica de microhematócrito. 7/18 cães foram PCR positivos para T. evansi (confirmado por sequenciamento). Os achados clínicos encontrados, foram consistentes com os estágios agudo e crônico da doença em cães. Todos os cães infectados exibiram pelo menos um sinal clínico da doença. Os achados hematológicos foram compatíveis com a tripanossomíase, destacando a anemia microcítica hipocrômica como principal consequência. Nenhum protocolo de tratamento foi totalmente eficaz e o uso prolongado de diaceturato de diminazeno causou a morte de um animal. A tripanossomíase pode causar altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade em cães e dificultar o estabelecimento de um protocolo terapêutico eficaz e seguro.

Occurrence of Mycoplasma haemocanis in dogs infested by ticks in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

Hemotropic mycoplasmas in dogs, such as Mycoplasma haemocanis, have been described worldwide. Recently, these pathogens have been reported to be causative agent of zoonosis. It is known that its transmission may occur through the action of blood-sucking arthropods (e.g. ticks or fleas), through blood transfusion, contaminated fomites and/or transplacentally. In Brazil, M. haemocanis is present in practically all regions and the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato is suspected the main vector. In the municipality of Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, there is little information about infection of dogs by M. haemocanis, or on the main epidemiological features associated with it. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the occurrence of M. haemocanis among dogs infested by ticks and to assess possible associations with some epidemiological factors. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing were used to analyze dog blood samples (n = 94). DNA from M. haemocanis was detected in four samples. No significant associations were observed with any epidemiological parameter analyzed here. However, the results from this study confirm that this pathogen is circulating in this region and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of diseases among anemic dogs.

Occurrence of Mycoplasma haemocanis in dogs infested by ticks in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil / Ocorrência de Mycoplasma haemocanis em cães infestados por carrapatos em Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

Abstract Hemotropic mycoplasmas in dogs, such as Mycoplasma haemocanis, have been described worldwide. Recently, these pathogens have been reported to be causative agent of zoonosis. It is known that its transmission may occur through the action of blood-sucking arthropods (e.g. ticks or fleas), through blood transfusion, contaminated fomites and/or transplacentally. In Brazil, M. haemocanis is present in practically all regions and the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato is suspected the main vector. In the municipality of Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, there is little information about infection of dogs by M. haemocanis, or on the main epidemiological features associated with it. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the occurrence of M. haemocanis among dogs infested by ticks and to assess possible associations with some epidemiological factors. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing were used to analyze dog blood samples (n = 94). DNA from M. haemocanis was detected in four samples. No significant associations were observed with any epidemiological parameter analyzed here. However, the results from this study confirm that this pathogen is circulating in this region and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of diseases among anemic dogs.

Resumo Micoplasmas hemotrópicos de cães, como Mycoplasma haemocanis, já foram descritos em todo o mundo. Recentemente, esses patógenos têm sido apontados como causadores de zoonoses. É sabido que a transmissão pode ocorrer devido à ação de artrópodes sugadores de sangue (carrapatos, pulgas), transfusão sanguínea e/ou fômites contaminados e por via transplacentária. No Brasil, Mycoplasma haemocanis está presente em praticamente todas as regiões, e o carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato é suspeito como principal vetor. No município de Campo Grande, Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil não existem muitas informações acerca de infecções de cães por M. haemocanis, assim como quais são os principais aspectos epidemiológicos associados a este patógeno. Assim, o objetivo, no presente estudo, foi determinar a ocorrência de M. haemocanis em cães infestados por carrapatos e analisar possíveis associações com alguns fatores epidemiológicos. A Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) e o sequenciamento de DNA foram utilizados para analisar amostras de sangue de cães (n = 94). DNA de M. haemocanis foi identificado em quatro amostras. Não foram observadas associações significativas com qualquer parâmetro epidemiológico analisado. No entanto, os resultados deste estudo confirmam que esse patógeno está circulando na região e deve ser considerado no diagnóstico diferencial de causas de anemia em cães.

Occurrence of Mycoplasma haemocanis in dogs infested by ticks in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil / Ocorrência de Mycoplasma haemocanis em cães infestados por carrapatos em Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

Abstract Hemotropic mycoplasmas in dogs, such as Mycoplasma haemocanis, have been described worldwide. Recently, these pathogens have been reported to be causative agent of zoonosis. It is known that its transmission may occur through the action of blood-sucking arthropods (e.g. ticks or fleas), through blood transfusion, contaminated fomites and/or transplacentally. In Brazil, M. haemocanis is present in practically all regions and the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato is suspected the main vector. In the municipality of Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, there is little information about infection of dogs by M. haemocanis, or on the main epidemiological features associated with it. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the occurrence of M. haemocanis among dogs infested by ticks and to assess possible associations with some epidemiological factors. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing were used to analyze dog blood samples (n = 94). DNA from M. haemocanis was detected in four samples. No significant associations were observed with any epidemiological parameter analyzed here. However, the results from this study confirm that this pathogen is circulating in this region and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of diseases among anemic dogs.

Resumo Micoplasmas hemotrópicos de cães, como Mycoplasma haemocanis, já foram descritos em todo o mundo. Recentemente, esses patógenos têm sido apontados como causadores de zoonoses. É sabido que a transmissão pode ocorrer devido à ação de artrópodes sugadores de sangue (carrapatos, pulgas), transfusão sanguínea e/ou fômites contaminados e por via transplacentária. No Brasil, Mycoplasma haemocanis está presente em praticamente todas as regiões, e o carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato é suspeito como principal vetor. No município de Campo Grande, Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil não existem muitas informações acerca de infecções de cães por M. haemocanis, assim como quais são os principais aspectos epidemiológicos associados a este patógeno. Assim, o objetivo, no presente estudo, foi determinar a ocorrência de M. haemocanis em cães infestados por carrapatos e analisar possíveis associações com alguns fatores epidemiológicos. A Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) e o sequenciamento de DNA foram utilizados para analisar amostras de sangue de cães (n = 94). DNA de M. haemocanis foi identificado em quatro amostras. Não foram observadas associações significativas com qualquer parâmetro epidemiológico analisado. No entanto, os resultados deste estudo confirmam que esse patógeno está circulando na região e deve ser considerado no diagnóstico diferencial de causas de anemia em cães.